Research Papers

DeepSeek shows the machine that trains its agents — and it runs 3 million sandboxes a day

The Frontier

DeepSeek shows the machine that trains its agents — and it runs 3 million sandboxes a day

While Western labs debate whether their agents are safe in theory, DeepSeek just published the factory floor. A new paper, "DeepSeek Elastic Compute (DSec): A Sandbox Infrastructure for Effective Agentic Training at Scale" (arXiv:2609.22978), lays out the production system behind the lab's agentic reinforcement learning — and founder Liang Wenfeng is the last-listed author of the 162-author submission.

Ex-Anthropic lab Mirendil is in talks for $1B at a $5B valuation

The Guardrails

Ex-Anthropic lab Mirendil is in talks for $1B at a $5B valuation

Two stories worth your time: a self-improving-AI lab that quintupled its own price in three months without shipping a model, and malware that now settles its next move by a vote of four commercial LLMs. Mirendil, the lab founded by former Anthropic researchers to build self-improving AI, is in talks to raise about $1 billion at a $5 billion valuation, with Kleiner Perkins negotiating to lead the round, according to Bloomberg.

OpenAI halves GPT-6 Sol and Luna prices hours after Anthropic's cut

The Frontier

OpenAI halves GPT-6 Sol and Luna prices hours after Anthropic's cut

Two frontier labs spent Tuesday afternoon arguing about the same thing — not who is smartest, but who costs least per task. OpenAI cut API prices for GPT-6 Sol and Luna in half on Tuesday, hours after Anthropic cut Opus 5.5 pricing by 40%. Sol drops to $2 per million input tokens and $10 per million output, from $4 and $20; Luna goes to $0.10 and $0.50 from $0.20 and $1.20, measured against the promotional pricing of the GPT-5.6 versions they replace.

Anthropic's Opus 5.5 matches Fable 5.1 for 40% less than Opus 5

The Frontier

Anthropic's Opus 5.5 matches Fable 5.1 for 40% less than Opus 5

Anthropic's first release since Dario Amodei called for pacing the frontier is not a capability jump. It is a cost cut — with a guardrail bolted on. Anthropic released Claude Opus 5.5 on Tuesday, saying it performs at the level of the larger Fable 5.1 on most work and costs 40% less to run than Opus 5. Output tokens drop to $20 per million from $25, input to $4 from $5, and the model uses fewer tokens per task on top of the cheaper rate — which is where the 40% figure comes from.

173 studies on AI in classrooms — and 80% tested university students

The Everyday

173 studies on AI in classrooms — and 80% tested university students

Norway just published the clearest look yet at what generative AI does to how children think. The honest answer is that nobody has run the study that would tell us. A review of 173 international studies finds a clean dual effect from AI in the classroom — and a hole where the evidence on children should be. The review, led by Hilde Storrøsæter at NTNU's Department of Teacher Education with colleagues from Czech universities, analyzed research published from 2022 through the spring of 2025 on…

OpenAI and Anthropic put their copyright asks to Australia in writing

The Guardrails

OpenAI and Anthropic put their copyright asks to Australia in writing

Australia's copyright fight stopped being a rumour this morning: the two labs asking Canberra to rewrite its law have now filed their arguments where anyone can read them. OpenAI and Anthropic have filed submissions to parliament's Joint Select Committee on Artificial Intelligence setting out what they want Australia's copyright regime to be — and both tie it to whether they train and build in the country.

The Bank of England is testing a kill switch it can't describe yet

The Guardrails

The Bank of England is testing a kill switch it can't describe yet

Two stories about control today: the Bank of England admits it is running out of time to get ahead of AI agents that trade on their own, and a new paper finds that the hand-written playbook you give an agent can actively make it worse. Bank of England Deputy Governor Sarah Breeden said Monday that financial regulators are running out of time to tackle the risk of autonomous AI agents causing a market meltdown — and that the central bank is exploring kill switch tests it does not yet know how…