
The Frontier
Apple trains an 8-step diffusion model that beats its 1,024-step teacher
Apple's machine-learning group published two papers in the same batch that go after the two weaknesses of diffusion language models: the number of passes they need to write a sentence, and how awkward they are to fine-tune with reinforcement learning. Read together, they argue the architecture was never the problem — the training trajectory was. Trajectory-Shaped Discrete Flow Matching (TS-DFM) trains an 8-step student that beats its own 1,024-step teacher: 32% lower perplexity while generating










